Fiber optic networking used to require two fibers, one for transmitting and one forreceiving signals simultaneously. Single fiber solutions emerged as a way to reduce costs ofdark fiber solutions and optimize fiber. Rather than using two dedicated strands, a single fiber strand that carries a bi-directional signal is used.
For enterprises leasing dark fiber from providers, the operational savings are significant. The challenge is to maximize revenues while reducing their largest expenditure - monthly cost of the fiber link. Using single fiber reduces operational costs by 50%, making dark fiber an affordable solution.
In DWDM, active and passive solutions for single fiber transmission range from 4 up to 8 400G wavelengths, with optional optical amplifiers. The single fiber solution seamlessly
integrates with any standards-based 10/25/100Gb Ethernet, 16/32G Fibre Channel, and OTU2/2e/4 client interfaces, and supports any mix of up to 400G services.
Single fiber solutions are recommended for the following applications:
• Point-to-point, ring or linear add and drop topologies, where installing new fiber is difficult or expensive
• Enables splitting enterprise traffic over two different fibers as opposed to using the same fiber for the entire traffic
• Increase reliability to an existing dual fiber solution by using one fiber for transmitting and receiving, and one for protecting.
The single fiber solution is more efficient and economical for many applications and needs, and provides the same performance and throughput as the traditional dual fiber solution. It enables customers to utilize single fiber for both transmitting and receiving, significantly maximizing their investment and reducing costs such as monthly leasing, taxes, or laying additional fibers.
The solution is transparent to the client optical interface and suits 400G, 100G, 10G, and sub-10G with any client interface mix. It incorporates a single mux with 8 or 16 channels. Half of the mux is used for transmitting and half for receiving.
If you need single fiber soluiton, welcome to contact HTF team, HTF will help you design the suitable DWDM solution. Support single fiber or dual fiber.
DWDM is often used by telecommunications, cable and data centers as part of their optical transport network.
Carrier Transport Network
The carrier transport network is made up of several layers of aggregation called the access network, metro aggregation network, edge network and the core backbone network. DWDM is most often used in the metro aggregation network and the core backbone network.
DWDM in the metro aggregation network is used to combine data from several cities. As service providers bring more computing capabilities closer to their customers, DWDM is also flexible enough to meet their needs for higher bandwidth aggregation as they begin to converge more data into a single node to compute. The core backbone often deals with the high-speed switching of large amounts of data between their major central offices, which can span across several regions, states or even countries, which is also ideal for using DWDM.
If need more information, welcome to contact HTF. www.htfuture.com
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are now the most preferred and widely used optical amplifier for long-haul fiber-optic communications.
Booster amplifier (BA), in-line amplifier (LA), and pre-amplifier (PA) are the three types of EDFAs used in DWDM optical transmissions. They are typically deployed in combinations and placed at different locations along the transmission line to ensure that the signal is transmitted to the receiver.
The booster amplifier works at the transmission side of the link, which is used to amplify the optical signal before it launches into the fiber link. It is characterized by high input power, high output power and medium optical gain.
The in-line amplifier operates in the middle of the optical link, which is designed for optical amplification between two network nodes. It features low to medium input power, high output power, high optical gain, and low noise figure.
The pre-amplifier is placed at the receiving end of the optical link and is used to compensate for the losses of the demultiplexer near the optical receiver. It is characterized by medium to low input power, medium output power, and medium Gain.
#OLP#DWDM#Datacenter#Protection#HTF For example, you want to transmission 100G from Site A to site B. There are 2 routings, you only choose routing 1, If the optical cable is broken, the transmission is interrupted.
You choose 2 routings, add OLP, Routing 1 is primary link , and routing 2 is secondary link, If the optical cable is broken, the transmission will automatically jump from the primary link to the secondary link. Ensure uninterrupted business
Add OLP, need double routing. If you don't have redundent routing, suggestion not add OLP.
Have you ever encountered the problem that the link cannot beup when the 1310nm optical module is transmitted on G.655 optical fiber? I encountered this kind of problem recently, and now I want to share it with you.
2.Use G.652 optical fiber test in lab, Link works ok. Optical module Tx power and Rx power are in spec. That means optical transceivers performance are ok.
3.DWDM optical modules work well on G.655 link，that means G.655 link no break.
4.Deduce：The optical module wavelength and fiber type don’t match
Root Cause:
Optical modules with a working wavelength of 1310nm cannot use G.655 optical fiber for long-distance transmission, G.655 Optical cable cutoff wavelength ≤ 1480nm, work window is C band and L band (1530nm~1625nm) , which means if wavelength smaller than 1480nm，cannot use on G.655
Summary:
1. G.655 optical fiber cannot transmit 1310 nm signals because the cut-off wavelength of G.655 optical fiber is 1480 nm.
2. If the input power and receive power are normal but the link cannot be up, it is usually because the optical module type does not match the fiber type.
all 800G modules make use of 8x electrical lanes in both directions, comprising 8 transmit lanes and 8 receive lanes. Each lane operates at a data rate of 100G PAM4, resulting in a total module bandwidth of 800Gb/s. Additionally, the optical output of all 800G transceivers comprises 8 optical waves, with each wave modulated at 100G PAM4 per lane.
If want to know more and buy this product, welcome to contact Ivy from HTF, ivy&htfuture.com
HTF can help you expand the network capacity by DWDM solution.
HTF can help you design coherent 400G/200G/100G DWDM/OTN solution, DWDM Single lamda support 100G/200G/400G Dual fiber/Single fiber Ultra long distance transmission. Expand your network capacity and DCI network easily.
No. The OSFP and the QSFP-DD are two physically distinct form factors. For OSFP systems, OSFP optics and cables must be used, and for QSFP-DD systems, QSFP-DD optics and cables must be used.
If want to know more and buy this product, welcome to contact Ivy from HTF, ivy&htfuture.com
HTF can help you expand the network capacity by DWDM solution.
HTF can help you design coherent 400G/200G/100G DWDM/OTN solution, DWDM Single lamda support 100G/200G/400G Dual fiber/Single fiber Ultra long distance transmission. Expand your network capacity and DCI network easily.
Amidst the high-speed optical module landscape, the incorporation of DSP chips for signal processing has been the norm. These chips, featuring ADC/DAC, FEC, retiming, reshaping, adaptive equalization, and more, hold immense power, yet their potency comes at the cost of significant power consumption and expenses. A typical 7nm DSP in a 400G optical module consumes around 4W, constituting 50% of the module’s power consumption.
DSP Function Block Diagram
The following figure shows the power consumption breakdown of a 400G ZR optical module, with a similar scenario for an IMDD.
As a response to the need for efficiency, the revolutionary concept of Linear-drive technology emerged.
How can the power consumption and cost impact caused by DSP be mitigated?
By forgoing DSP within the optical module and integrating its functions into switching chips, a streamlined design emerges. The result? A compact configuration housing only driver and TIA components. Diverging from the traditional driver and TIA functions, those in the Linear Photonic Optics (LPO) architecture include CTLE and Equalization features, facilitating signal compensation. Notably, the Linear Drive concept obviates the need for retiming, eliminating non-linear processes and thus dubbed the Non-retimed module.
LPO’s merits encompass several facets:
Low Power Consumption: LPO yields a 50% reduction in power consumption compared to pluggable optical modules, aligning closely with CPO power levels.
The overall power consumption of the switch system will be reduced by about 25 percent, as below.
Low Latency: Omitting DSP significantly reduces system latency, ideal for latency-sensitive scenarios like inter-GPU communication within High-Performance Computing (HPC) centers.
Cost Efficiency: The absence of 5nm/7nm DSP chips translates to cost savings. In an 800G module, the Bill of Materials (BOM) cost totals around $600-$700, with DSP chips accounting for approximately $50-$70. While EQ integration within Driver and TIA adds $3-$5, the total system cost reduction amounts to around 8%.
Hot-Pluggability: LPO retains the convenience and reliability of pluggable modules, leveraging established optical module supply chains. This distinguishes LPO from CPO, which is still less widely adopted due to reliability and cost considerations.
Comparison of various dimensions of conventional optical modules, LPOs and CPOs
In summary, LPO represents a novel approach with its unique advantages and ongoing challenges.
Integration of DSP Chips: To implement LPO, there’s a need to integrate DSP chips into switches, which requires the involvement of switch chip manufacturers. The LPO concept has also stirred the competition among DSP chip manufacturers, such as Broadcom and Inphi.
New Protocols and Testing Methods: Introducing LPO necessitates the development of new protocols and testing methods. The Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) is currently working on defining the CEI-112G-LINEAR standard to address this need.
Applicability and Distance: One concern is whether LPO is suitable for longer distances, potentially reaching kilometers. As DSP chips are no longer present in the module, there may be a decrease in error performance, leading to a reduction in transmission distance.
While several companies showcased their linear-drive solutions, particularly during OFC 2023, and launched LPO options post-event, the transition from technical discussions to widespread adoption is ongoing. The introduction of LPO underscores the industry’s pursuit of low-power, low-cost, high-speed optical modules.
Point-to-point network, chain network, ring network, mesh network
Point-to-point line:referred to as P2P or PTP. Point-to-point transmission refers to the transmission of services between two points (data centers). Generally, it is optical transmission over a relatively short distance within 100 kilometers.
Chain network: There are one or more sites with business up and down between point-to-point transmission.
Ring network: all business sites form a ring network
Mesh network: transmission line composed of multiple interwoven ring networks.
HTF H6000 DWDM optical transmission platform can meet the needs of these 4 networks. If you want to know more, please feel free to consultIvy from HTF.
1.6T OSFP-XD DR8+ is designed to transmit and receive serial optical data links up to 212.5 Gb/s data rate (per channel) by PAM4 modulation format over single-mode fiber. It is a small-form- factor hot pluggable transceiver module integrated with high performance EML laser. It is compliant with 1600G Ethernet specs and OSFP-XD MSA.
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